Question

que cambios sociales, politicos y economicos
que trajo la conquista a terrenos americanos.

Answer 1

Respuesta:El litoral del desierto de Atacama ha sido una fuente de obtención de energía importante y un medio para la vida social de las poblaciones prehispánicas y coloniales. Peces, mariscos y mamíferos marinos fueron productos claves en la dieta humana, a lo que se sumó el guano en los intercambios económicos y simbólicos y en el desarrollo agrícola. Tales actividades depredadoras y de recolección impulsaron la utilización de tecnologías e instrumentos para su acceso y tráfico, que reflejan procesos sociales de complejas organizaciones políticas y desarrollo cultural. El acceso y explotación de estos recursos marítimos estuvieron supeditados a los cambios políticos globales o imperiales que atravesaron los espacios andinos y americanos. Este artículo ofrece un panorama documentado de las transformaciones ocurridas en el ámbito de la explotación marítima desde el Tawantisuyu hasta fines de la era colonial e inicios del siglo XIX. Analiza los procesos de adaptaciones y las relaciones de dominación que implicaron las actividades extractivas de la costa del actual norte de Chile desde una perspectiva etnohistórica de larga duración. The littoral of the Atacama Desert (North of Chile, South America) has been a source of energy and an environment relevant to the social life of prehistoric and colonial populations. Fish and other seafood were key products in the human diet. Moreover, guano (a natural fertilizer of marine origin) was also crucial for agricultural development and economic and symbolic interchanges. Hunting and collecting seafood encouraged the use of technologies and tools. These activities are reflected in the existence of complex political organizations and cultural development. Access to marine resources depended on global or imperial political changes occurring in the Andean and American social landscape. This article offers an overview based on historical sources related to the transformations in the marine economic exploitation from the Tawantinsuyu (Inca rule) to late colonial times and the early nineteenth-century. This article analyses, from an ethnohistorical point of view, the process of human adaptation, as well the relationship of power that were part of the extraction activities in the marine landscape.

Journal Information

Estudios Atacameños, Arqueología y Antropología Surandina, is a biannual publication focused on archaeological and anthropological research throughout the Andes. In its nearly four-decade history, Estudios Atacameños has published articles in archaeology, social anthropology, ethnohistory, and bioanthropology, focusing on all aspects of the development of human societies. Gustavo Le Paige founded Estudios Atacameños in 1973 to deal with specific questions related to the prehistory of northern Chile’s Atacameño groups. Since then, it has broadened its thematic focus significantly, gaining recognition in the field and becoming one of the major archaeological and anthropological journals engaged with the prehistory, history and contemporary societies of the south-central Andes and related areas.

Publisher Information

The Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo in San Pedro de Atacama is a research institute of the Universidad Católica del Norte, centered on the archaeological museum and collections excavated and collected by Gustavo Le Paige during the 1950s, 60s and 70s. The Institute is dedicated to engaging in research on the archaeology and anthropology of the human societies that inhabited the San Pedro de Atacama oases and their relationships with neighboring areas, including the Bolivian altiplano, northwest Argentina and the Chilean coast. The Institute houses one the largest archaeological collections in the country and is home to research conducted by a global scientific community.

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