Question

"Transmission of COVID19 occurs through small droplets - Flügge microdroplets
[19] - that are emitted by speaking, sneezing, coughing, or exhaling, which when
fired by a carrier (who may have no symptoms of the disease) or being incubated)
pass directly to another person through inhalation, or remain on the objects and
surfaces surrounding the emitter, and then, through the hands, which collect it from
the contaminated environment, make contact with the membranes oral, nasal, and
eye mucous membrane by touching the mouth, nose, or eyes. The latter is the
main route of spread, since the virus can remain viable for up to days on the
fomites (any lifeless object, or substance, which if contaminated with any pathogen is capable of transferring it from an individual."

Extraer 5 verbos de la lectura y realizar 2 oraciones con c/u en los siguientes
tiempos verbales:
1er verbo Futuro Perfecto
2do verbo Presente Perfecto Progresivo
3er verbo Presente Progresivo
4to verbo Condicional Perfecto
5to verbo Pasado Perfecto Progresivo

Quien me ayuda con esto:'(

Answer 1

Respuesta:

COVID 19 can spread through breathing, talking, study estimates☆

Ramananda Ningthoujam, Dr., PhD∗

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Abstract

The COVID 19 pandemic has become a major threat to humankind infecting millions world-wide. This virus can be spread through breathing, talking. During sneezing, breathing and loud conservation, it releases about 1000 micro droplets which drift in the air. These micro droplets carry many viruses and it might act as a third route of infection for COVID 19 infection. The type of infection is known as micro droplets infection.

Keywords: COVID 19, bioaerosol, microdroplets

Dear Editor,

The COVID 19 pandemic has become a major threat to humankind infecting millions world-wide. So far, we considered two main routes of infection: 1) direct contact with object that has virus on it, and 2) indirect contact- by inhaling droplets emitted through sneezes and cough.

Sima Asadi and team1, explained the role of aerosols in transmission of COVID 19 published in Aerosol Science and Technology journal. They described two possible mode of COVID 19 aerosols transmission; a) during a sneeze or a cough, “droplet sprays” of virus-laden respiratory tract fluid, typically greater than 5 μm in diameter, impact directly on a susceptible individual and b) alternatively, a susceptible person can inhale microscopic aerosol particles consisting of the residual solid components of evaporated respiratory droplets, which are tiny enough (<5 μm) to remain airborne for hours.

Figure 1

Figure 1

However, World Health Organization says the evidence is not compelling. Some virologist still claimed that virus spreads only when the patient cough or sneeze, releasing respiratory droplets that carry the virus. Therefore, I agree with Sima Asadi and co-author idea, that, it is time for the aerosols scientists to step in and provide the technology and hard data to either corroborate or reject that hypothesis.

In a recent study by United State National Academy of Sciences, Engineering & Medicine, revealed a new way through which the virus spreads quickly along with the evidence of asymptomatic spread of the disease2.

The study reported that even breathing or talking could possibly release tiny particles (Bioaerosols) carrying the SARS-CoV-2 virus which causes COVID 19. The team explained that the virus can stay suspended in the air in the ultrafine mist that is produced when infected people exhale. They recommended wearing masks while going out in public places.

Another experimental study was also conducted at Toho University in Japan by the Japanese Association for Infectious Disease to find out the third mechanism of transmission of COVID -19 using laser beams and high sensitivity camera to trap droplets particle in the air during sneezing, loud conversation, and breathing3.

They reported about micro-droplets infection as the third route of transmission in COVID 19. The mechanism of micro droplets infection is shown in Figure(s) below. The micrometer particles which carries many viruses are very small particles (10 micrometer) releases during sneezing, loud conversation and heavy breathing drift in the air which might causes infection. However, the larger droplets (about 1mm) in diameter quickly falls after sneezing.

To conclude, the limitations of their experiment is that it is not yet known what volume of micro droplets leads to infection. The study recommends wearing mask to prevent from micro droplets infection, however, they do not highlight what type of mask one`s should wear since the micro droplets are very tiny. Therefore, there is a need for in depth research to identify aerosols covid-19 transmission.

If it is found to be airborne then it poses a greater threat to mankind and the world as a whole. Physical distance, regular hand wash, lockdown and wearing a mask is a temporary solution. Therefore, there is an urgency for the need to develop a vaccine to battle this pandemic. Until then, this virus will continue to stalk the human race.

Secondly, until a complete cure is discovered people at large must be encourage to continue wearing mask. Production of mask must be increased.

There is also an urgent need to deploy rapid testing kits to speed up identifying both symptomatic and asymptomatic persons at large to avoid from further spreading of virus.

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