Question

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A situation in which there is not enough food for a great number of people, causing illness and death, or a particular period when this happens:
✓ Another crop failure could result in widespread famine.
✓ There were reports of refugees dying of famine.
Famine is a widespread condition in which many people in a country or region are unable to access adequate food supplies.
Famines result in malnutrition, starvation, disease, and high death rates. Is an acute episode of extreme hunger that results in excess mortality due to starvation or hunger-induced diseases.
It is this crisis characteristic that distinguishes it from persistent malnutrition, the term ‘famine’ can mean different things to different people and has evolved over time. It is only in recent years that more precise, measurable definitions, in terms of mortality rates, food consumption and physical signs of malnutrition, have been developed.
2. WHAT CAUSES IT?
Causes can involve profound market failure, natural disasters and decline in food access, often provoked by conflict, weak infrastructure and poor governance. Food production and availability have often been noted to be adequate amidst famine conditions. Famines generally strike in poor countries; they have been endemic in some sub-Saharan African countries and widespread in South Asia. But they are not totally unknown to prosperous industrialized countries.
✓ Climate and population pressure
The failure of a harvest or change in conditions, such as drought, can create a situation whereby large numbers of people continue to live where the carrying capacity of the land has temporarily dropped radically. Famine is often associated with subsistence agriculture. The total absence of agriculture in an economically strong area does not cause famine.
✓ State-sponsored famines
Many factors can contribute to entitlement failure. For example, slight imbalances in production can lead to large increases or declines in price. But government policies can also cause entitlement failures. For example In 1974, despite higher-than-usual rice production, there was a slight shortage of per capita food availability, because the United States temporarily halted routine food aid over its objections to Bangladesh’s trade with Cuba.
However, the most common human cause of famine is warfare. During war, crops are destroyed, either intentionally or as a result of combat. In addition, supply lines and routes are cut off, and food cannot be distributed or is prevented from being distributed by combatants. Forced starvation for political reasons is another cause of famine. In the Soviet Union of the 1930s, for example, millions of peasants died as a result of leader Joseph Stalin’s agricultural policies, which required that a quota of grain be supplied to the government before any of the grain could be consumed by those who grew it. Anyone caught violating the policy could be executed.
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