Question

Read the article. Choose the sentence that best describes the author's central claim

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Detroit: Back from the Ashes

1 Imagine a city with 78,000 vacant buildings: homes, office buildings, shops, hotels. This is what the city of Detroit, Michigan, recently faced. Once the fourth largest city in the United States with a population of 2,000,000 people, Detroit was the car manufacturing capital of the world. Ford, General Motors and Chrysler were all headquartered there. Then, this vibrant, affluent city hit hard times. After destructive riots in 1967 followed by competition from foreign carmakers in the 1970s, factories started to close, businesses folded and people moved away. In 2013, the population was just over 700,000 and empty buildings were everywhere.

2 That many abandoned buildings posed a huge problem for Detroit which had to be addressed. The buildings were unsafe, dirty and created a health hazard for communities. But not everyone agreed on how to deal with this problem. Developers believed that the most economical and efficient solution was the demolition of the structures, rebuilt with new buildings. Preservationists, on the other hand, saw opportunities to help the economy and the environment by working with communities to save entire or parts of valuable structures.

3 Thus far, approximately 7,000 buildings have been demolished. Most of that material has ended up in a dump, but starting in 2010, a non-profit group called Reclaim Detroit had a better idea. Their mission is deconstruction of buildings, not destruction. What does that mean? Instead of destruction, where buildings are quickly and completely torn down, the group employs people to deconstruct a building, slowing taking it apart and recovering materials that can be reused in new development. Each month, 10–20 abandoned homes are carefully deconstructed. They retrieve antique doors, windows, lighting fixtures, marble counters, bricks and even nails and wood flooring made from old-growth trees. From this recovered timber, crews create new items like wooden chopping boards. Reclaim Detroit sells these items as well as many types of 'architectural salvage' on their website.

4 Deconstruction is good for the environment because less material goes to landfills. It supports the community in providing jobs as well as job training for careers in construction. It also preserves historic architectural items.

5 Preservation of historic buildings is good for the city. Many of downtown Detroit's oldest and most beautiful buildings sat empty for decades. One of the city's oldest hotels, the Fort Shelby Hotel, closed in 1973 due to a lack of business. The Book-Cadillac, once a grand hotel serving presidents, film stars and sports heroes, closed its doors in 1984. These beautiful structures were then vulnerable to weather and vandalism. Rather than see them demolished, groups like Curbed Detroit and Preservation Detroit believed these and other grand buildings could be restored. In 2008, the Westin Book-Cadillac Detroit re-opened and the Fort Shelby Hotel opened a few months later. Both of these historic buildings have been brought back to life.

6 The renovation of this area has prompted increased tourism with these classic hotels attracting visitors to the city. Many tourists, as well as locals, enjoy historic tours of the city. These lovely restorations in the city centre have also had a positive effect in encouraging other development. Most importantly, some of the history and culture of the city has been preserved. As Detroit preservationist Francis Grunow puts it, these buildings are works of art. They cannot be recreated; they must be preserved.

7 The motto of the city expresses hope that Detroit will come back and prosper: Speranus meliora; resurget cineribus. 'We hope for better things; it will arise from the ashes'. Preservation plays an important part in that revitalization. It has an economic, environmental and cultural role in rebuilding this once great city

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