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The digestive system fulfills various functions, but the main ones are four: transport of food, secretion of digestive juices, absorption of nutrients and excretion of feces.

Food transportation. The food enters the mouth, where it is crushed by the teeth and moistened by saliva, and becomes the bolus of food, which is pushed into the esophagus with the help of the tongue. Then, through peristaltic movements (a type of muscle contraction and relaxation movement), the food continues to move through the digestive tract, passing through the stomach and then to the intestines.


Secretion of digestive juices. Along the digestive tract, food receives secretions from different organs, which allow its chemical digestion. Once in the mouth, the salivary glands secrete an enzyme that begins the transformation of sugars. The chemical digestion process continues in the stomach (thanks to the presence of gastric juices secreted there) and in the first portion of the small intestine (duodenum), where partially digested food is subjected to the action of bile and intestinal juices. and pancreatic. The enzymes and other substances present in all digestive juices allow food to be completely chemically digested, that is, to be reduced to its smallest usable units.


Nutrient absorption. Once the food is digested (reduced to its simplest forms), the nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine, then pass into the blood to be distributed by the body. For its part, water and some salts are absorbed in the large intestine.


Fecal egestion. Once the nutrients are extracted from the food, the waste material (the indigestible remains that were not used) must be expelled out of the body, which is done through the end of the digestive tract.

The parts of the digestive system are the mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. In addition, it includes the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas, which produce digestive juices and enzymes used during digestion. Also called the digestive system.​

Answer 1

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