Nicolas Poussin (June 1594-19 November 1665) was the leading painter of the classical French
Baroque style, although he spent most of his working life in Rome. Most of his works were on
religious and mythological subjects painted for a small group of Italian and French collectors. He
returned to Paris for a brief period to serve as First Painter to the King under Louis XIII
and Cardinal Richelieu, but soon returned to Rome and resumed his more traditional themes. In
his later years Poussin painted more landscapes. His work is characterized by clarity, logic, and
order, and favors line over color. Until the 20th century he remained a major inspiration for
such classically-oriented artists as Jacques-Louis David, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
and Paul Cézanne. Details of Poussin's artistic training are somewhat obscure. Around 1612 he
traveled to Paris, where he studied under minor masters and completed his earliest surviving
works. His enthusiasm for the Italian works he saw in the royal collections in Paris motivated
him to travel to Rome in 1624, where he studied the works of Renaissance and Baroque
painters-especially Raphael, who had a powerful influence on his style. He befriended a
number of artists who shared his classicizing tendencies, and met important patrons, such as
Cardinal Francesco Barberini and the antiquarian Cassiano dal Pozzo. The commissions Poussin
received for modestly scaled paintings of religious, mythological, and historical subjects allowed
him to develop his individual style in works such as The Death of Germanicus, The Massacre of
the Innocents, and the first of his two series of the Seven Sacraments.
He was persuaded to return to France in 1640 to be First Painter to the King but, dissatisfied
with the overwhelming workload and the court intrigues, returned permanently to Rome after
a little more than a year. Among the important works from his later years are Orion Blinded
Searching for the Sun, Landscape with Hercules and Cacus, and The Seasons.
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