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ϙᴜᴇ́ ᴇs ᴜɴ ᴍᴇʀᴄᴀᴅᴏ ɪᴍᴘᴇʀғᴇᴄᴛᴏ?
ᴜɴ ᴍᴇʀᴄᴀᴅᴏ ɪᴍᴘᴇʀғᴇᴄᴛᴏ sᴇ ʀᴇғɪᴇʀᴇ ᴀ ᴄᴜᴀʟϙᴜɪᴇʀ ᴍᴇʀᴄᴀᴅᴏ ᴇᴄᴏɴᴏ́ᴍɪᴄᴏ ϙᴜᴇ ɴᴏ ᴄᴜᴍᴘʟᴇ ᴄᴏɴ ʟᴏs ʀɪɢᴜʀᴏsᴏs ᴇsᴛᴀ́ɴᴅᴀʀᴇs ᴅᴇʟ ʜɪᴘᴏᴛᴇ́ᴛɪᴄᴏ ᴍᴇʀᴄᴀᴅᴏ ᴅᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴇᴛᴇɴᴄɪᴀ ᴘᴇʀғᴇᴄᴛᴀ ᴏ ᴘᴜʀᴀ. ʟᴀ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴇᴛᴇɴᴄɪᴀ ᴘᴜʀᴀ ᴏ ᴘᴇʀғᴇᴄᴛᴀ ᴇs ᴜɴᴀ ᴇsᴛʀᴜᴄᴛᴜʀᴀ ᴅᴇ ᴍᴇʀᴄᴀᴅᴏ ᴀʙsᴛʀᴀᴄᴛᴀ ʏ ᴛᴇᴏ́ʀɪᴄᴀ ᴇɴ ʟᴀ ϙᴜᴇ sᴇ ᴄᴜᴍᴘʟᴇɴ ᴜɴᴀ sᴇʀɪᴇ ᴅᴇ ᴄʀɪᴛᴇʀɪᴏs. ᴅᴀᴅᴏ ϙᴜᴇ ᴛᴏᴅᴏs ʟᴏs ᴍᴇʀᴄᴀᴅᴏs ʀᴇᴀʟᴇs ᴇxɪsᴛᴇɴ ғᴜᴇʀᴀ ᴅᴇʟ ᴇsᴘᴇᴄᴛʀᴏ ᴅᴇʟ ᴍᴏᴅᴇʟᴏ ᴅᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴇᴛᴇɴᴄɪᴀ ᴘᴇʀғᴇᴄᴛᴀ, ᴛᴏᴅᴏs ʟᴏs ᴍᴇʀᴄᴀᴅᴏs ʀᴇᴀʟᴇs ᴘᴜᴇᴅᴇɴ ᴄʟᴀsɪғɪᴄᴀʀsᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴏ ᴍᴇʀᴄᴀᴅᴏs ɪᴍᴘᴇʀғᴇᴄᴛᴏs.
ᴇɴ ᴜɴ ᴍᴇʀᴄᴀᴅᴏ ɪᴍᴘᴇʀғᴇᴄᴛᴏ, ʟᴏs ᴄᴏᴍᴘʀᴀᴅᴏʀᴇs ʏ ᴠᴇɴᴅᴇᴅᴏʀᴇs ɪɴᴅɪᴠɪᴅᴜᴀʟᴇs ᴘᴜᴇᴅᴇɴ ɪɴғʟᴜɪʀ ᴇɴ ʟᴏs ᴘʀᴇᴄɪᴏs ʏ ᴇɴ ʟᴀ ᴘʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴄɪᴏ́ɴ, ɴᴏ ᴇxɪsᴛᴇ ᴜɴᴀ ᴅɪᴠᴜʟɢᴀᴄɪᴏ́ɴ ᴄᴏᴍᴘʟᴇᴛᴀ ᴅᴇ ʟᴀ ɪɴғᴏʀᴍᴀᴄɪᴏ́ɴ sᴏʙʀᴇ ʟᴏs ᴘʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴛᴏs ʏ ʟᴏs ᴘʀᴇᴄɪᴏs, ʏ ʜᴀʏ ᴀʟᴛᴀs ʙᴀʀʀᴇʀᴀs ᴅᴇ ᴇɴᴛʀᴀᴅᴀ ᴏ sᴀʟɪᴅᴀ ᴇɴ ᴇʟ ᴍᴇʀᴄᴀᴅᴏ.
ᴜɴ ᴍᴇʀᴄᴀᴅᴏ ᴘᴇʀғᴇᴄᴛᴏ sᴇ ᴄᴀʀᴀᴄᴛᴇʀɪᴢᴀ ᴘᴏʀ ʟᴀ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴇᴛᴇɴᴄɪᴀ ᴘᴇʀғᴇᴄᴛᴀ, ᴇʟ ᴇϙᴜɪʟɪʙʀɪᴏ ᴅᴇʟ ᴍᴇʀᴄᴀᴅᴏ ʏ ᴜɴ ɴᴜ́ᴍᴇʀᴏ ɪʟɪᴍɪᴛᴀᴅᴏ ᴅᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴘʀᴀᴅᴏʀᴇs ʏ ᴠᴇɴᴅᴇᴅᴏʀᴇs.
ᴘʀɪɴᴄɪᴘᴀʟᴇs ᴄᴏɴᴄʟᴜsɪᴏɴᴇs
ʟᴏs ᴍᴇʀᴄᴀᴅᴏs ɪᴍᴘᴇʀғᴇᴄᴛᴏs ɴᴏ ᴄᴜᴍᴘʟᴇɴ ʟᴀs ʀɪɢᴜʀᴏsᴀs ɴᴏʀᴍᴀs ᴅᴇ ᴜɴ ʜɪᴘᴏᴛᴇ́ᴛɪᴄᴏ ᴍᴇʀᴄᴀᴅᴏ ᴅᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴇᴛᴇɴᴄɪᴀ ᴘᴇʀғᴇᴄᴛᴀ ᴏ ᴘᴜʀᴀ.ʟᴏs ᴍᴇʀᴄᴀᴅᴏs ɪᴍᴘᴇʀғᴇᴄᴛᴏs sᴇ ᴄᴀʀᴀᴄᴛᴇʀɪᴢᴀɴ ᴘᴏʀ ᴛᴇɴᴇʀ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴇᴛᴇɴᴄɪᴀ ᴘᴏʀ ʟᴀ ᴄᴜᴏᴛᴀ ᴅᴇ ᴍᴇʀᴄᴀᴅᴏ, ᴀʟᴛᴀs ʙᴀʀʀᴇʀᴀs ᴅᴇ ᴇɴᴛʀᴀᴅᴀ ʏ sᴀʟɪᴅᴀ, ᴅɪғᴇʀᴇɴᴛᴇs ᴘʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴛᴏs ʏ sᴇʀᴠɪᴄɪᴏs, ʏ ᴜɴ ᴘᴇϙᴜᴇɴ̃ᴏ ɴᴜ́ᴍᴇʀᴏ ᴅᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴘʀᴀᴅᴏʀᴇs ʏ ᴠᴇɴᴅᴇᴅᴏʀᴇs.ʟᴏs ᴍᴇʀᴄᴀᴅᴏs ᴘᴇʀғᴇᴄᴛᴏs sᴏɴ ᴛᴇᴏ́ʀɪᴄᴏs ʏ ɴᴏ ᴘᴜᴇᴅᴇɴ ᴇxɪsᴛɪʀ ᴇɴ ᴇʟ ᴍᴜɴᴅᴏ ʀᴇᴀʟ; ᴛᴏᴅᴏs ʟᴏs ᴍᴇʀᴄᴀᴅᴏs ᴅᴇʟ ᴍᴜɴᴅᴏ ʀᴇᴀʟ sᴏɴ ᴍᴇʀᴄᴀᴅᴏs ɪᴍᴘᴇʀғᴇᴄᴛᴏs.ʟᴀs ᴇsᴛʀᴜᴄᴛᴜʀᴀs ᴅᴇ ᴍᴇʀᴄᴀᴅᴏ ϙᴜᴇ sᴇ ᴄʟᴀsɪғɪᴄᴀɴ ᴄᴏᴍᴏ ɪᴍᴘᴇʀғᴇᴄᴛᴀs ɪɴᴄʟᴜʏᴇɴ ʟᴏs ᴍᴏɴᴏᴘᴏʟɪᴏs, ʟᴏs ᴏʟɪɢᴏᴘᴏʟɪᴏs, ʟᴀ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴇᴛᴇɴᴄɪᴀ ᴍᴏɴᴏᴘᴏʟɪ́sᴛɪᴄᴀ, ʟᴏs ᴍᴏɴᴏᴘsᴏɴɪᴏs ʏ ʟᴏs ᴏʟɪɢᴏᴘsᴏɴɪᴏs.
ᴇɴᴛᴇɴᴅɪᴇɴᴅᴏ ʟᴏs ᴍᴇʀᴄᴀᴅᴏs ɪᴍᴘᴇʀғᴇᴄᴛᴏs
ᴛᴏᴅᴏs ʟᴏs ᴍᴇʀᴄᴀᴅᴏs ᴅᴇʟ ᴍᴜɴᴅᴏ ʀᴇᴀʟ sᴏɴ ɪᴍᴘᴇʀғᴇᴄᴛᴏs. ᴀsɪ́, ᴇʟ ᴇsᴛᴜᴅɪᴏ ᴅᴇ ʟᴏs ᴍᴇʀᴄᴀᴅᴏs ʀᴇᴀʟᴇs sɪᴇᴍᴘʀᴇ ᴇsᴛᴀ́ ɪɴғʟᴜɪᴅᴏ ᴘᴏʀ ʟᴀ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴇᴛᴇɴᴄɪᴀ ᴘᴏʀ ʟᴀ ᴄᴜᴏᴛᴀ ᴅᴇ ᴍᴇʀᴄᴀᴅᴏ, ʟᴀs ᴀʟᴛᴀs ʙᴀʀʀᴇʀᴀs ᴅᴇ ᴇɴᴛʀᴀᴅᴀ ʏ sᴀʟɪᴅᴀ, ʟᴏs ᴅɪғᴇʀᴇɴᴛᴇs ᴘʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴛᴏs ʏ sᴇʀᴠɪᴄɪᴏs, ʟᴏs ᴘʀᴇᴄɪᴏs ғɪᴊᴀᴅᴏs ᴘᴏʀ ʟᴏs ᴄʀᴇᴀᴅᴏʀᴇs ᴅᴇ ᴘʀᴇᴄɪᴏs ᴇɴ ʟᴜɢᴀʀ ᴅᴇ ᴘᴏʀ ʟᴀ ᴏғᴇʀᴛᴀ ʏ ʟᴀ ᴅᴇᴍᴀɴᴅᴀ, ʟᴀ ɪɴғᴏʀᴍᴀᴄɪᴏ́ɴ ɪᴍᴘᴇʀғᴇᴄᴛᴀ ᴏ ɪɴᴄᴏᴍᴘʟᴇᴛᴀ sᴏʙʀᴇ ʟᴏs ᴘʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴛᴏs ʏ ʟᴏs ᴘʀᴇᴄɪᴏs, ʏ ᴜɴ ᴘᴇϙᴜᴇɴ̃ᴏ ɴᴜ́ᴍᴇʀᴏ ᴅᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴘʀᴀᴅᴏʀᴇs ʏ ᴠᴇɴᴅᴇᴅᴏʀᴇs.
ᴘᴏʀ ᴇᴊᴇᴍᴘʟᴏ, ʟᴏs ᴄᴏᴍᴇʀᴄɪᴀɴᴛᴇs ᴇɴ ᴇʟ ᴍᴇʀᴄᴀᴅᴏ ғɪɴᴀɴᴄɪᴇʀᴏ ɴᴏ ᴘᴏsᴇᴇɴ ᴜɴ ᴄᴏɴᴏᴄɪᴍɪᴇɴᴛᴏ ᴘᴇʀғᴇᴄᴛᴏ ᴏ ɪɴᴄʟᴜsᴏ ɪᴅᴇ́ɴᴛɪᴄᴏ sᴏʙʀᴇ ʟᴏs ᴘʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴛᴏs ғɪɴᴀɴᴄɪᴇʀᴏs. ʟᴏs ᴏᴘᴇʀᴀᴅᴏʀᴇs ʏ ʟᴏs ᴀᴄᴛɪᴠᴏs ᴅᴇ ᴜɴ ᴍᴇʀᴄᴀᴅᴏ ғɪɴᴀɴᴄɪᴇʀᴏ ɴᴏ sᴏɴ ᴘᴇʀғᴇᴄᴛᴀᴍᴇɴᴛᴇ ʜᴏᴍᴏɢᴇ́ɴᴇᴏs. ʟᴀ ɴᴜᴇᴠᴀ ɪɴғᴏʀᴍᴀᴄɪᴏ́ɴ ɴᴏ sᴇ ᴛʀᴀɴsᴍɪᴛᴇ ᴅᴇ ғᴏʀᴍᴀ ɪɴsᴛᴀɴᴛᴀ́ɴᴇᴀ ʏ ʟᴀ ᴠᴇʟᴏᴄɪᴅᴀᴅ ᴅᴇ ʀᴇᴀᴄᴄɪᴏ́ɴ ᴇs ʟɪᴍɪᴛᴀᴅᴀ.
ᴀʟ ᴄᴏɴsɪᴅᴇʀᴀʀ ʟᴀs ɪᴍᴘʟɪᴄᴀᴄɪᴏɴᴇs ᴅᴇ ʟᴀ ᴀᴄᴛɪᴠɪᴅᴀᴅ ᴇᴄᴏɴᴏ́ᴍɪᴄᴀ, ʟᴏs ᴇᴄᴏɴᴏᴍɪsᴛᴀs sᴏ́ʟᴏ ᴜᴛɪʟɪᴢᴀɴ ᴍᴏᴅᴇʟᴏs ᴅᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴇᴛᴇɴᴄɪᴀ ᴘᴇʀғᴇᴄᴛᴀ. ᴘᴏʀ ᴇʟʟᴏ, ᴇʟ ᴛᴇ́ʀᴍɪɴᴏ ᴍᴇʀᴄᴀᴅᴏ ɪᴍᴘᴇʀғᴇᴄᴛᴏ ᴇs ᴀʟɢᴏ ᴇɴɢᴀɴ̃ᴏsᴏ. ʟᴀ ᴍᴀʏᴏʀɪ́ᴀ ᴅᴇ ʟᴀ ɢᴇɴᴛᴇ ᴀsᴜᴍɪʀᴀ́ ϙᴜᴇ ᴜɴ ᴍᴇʀᴄᴀᴅᴏ ɪᴍᴘᴇʀғᴇᴄᴛᴏ ᴇs ᴘʀᴏғᴜɴᴅᴀᴍᴇɴᴛᴇ ᴅᴇғᴇᴄᴛᴜᴏsᴏ ᴏ ɪɴᴅᴇsᴇᴀʙʟᴇ. sɪɴ ᴇᴍʙᴀʀɢᴏ, ɴᴏ sɪᴇᴍᴘʀᴇ ᴇs ᴀsɪ́. ʟᴀ ɢᴀᴍᴀ ᴅᴇ ɪᴍᴘᴇʀғᴇᴄᴄɪᴏɴᴇs ᴅᴇʟ ᴍᴇʀᴄᴀᴅᴏ ᴇs ᴛᴀɴ ᴀᴍᴘʟɪᴀ ᴄᴏᴍᴏ ʟᴀ ᴅᴇ ᴛᴏᴅᴏs ʟᴏs ᴍᴇʀᴄᴀᴅᴏs ᴅᴇʟ ᴍᴜɴᴅᴏ ʀᴇᴀʟ: ᴀʟɢᴜɴᴏs sᴏɴ ᴍᴜᴄʜᴏ ᴏ ᴍᴇɴᴏs ᴇғɪᴄɪᴇɴᴛᴇs ϙᴜᴇ ᴏᴛʀᴏs.