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Aristotle (in ancient Greek: Ἀριστοτέλης, Aristotélēs; Estagira, 384 BC-Calcis, 322 BC) 1 2 3 was a philosopher, polymath and scientist born in the city of Estagira, north of Antigua Greece. He is considered next to Plato, the father of Western philosophy. His ideas have exerted an enormous influence on the intellectual history of the West for more than two millennia.1 2 4
Aristotle wrote about 200 treatises (of which only 31 have survived) on an enormous variety of subjects, among them: logic, metaphysics, philosophy of science, ethics, political philosophy, aesthetics, rhetoric, physics, astronomy and biology. 1 Aristotle transformed many, if not all, of the areas of knowledge he approached. He is recognized as the founding father of logic and biology, because although there are reflections and previous writings on both subjects, it is in the work of Aristotle, where the first systematic investigations on this matter are found.5 6
Among many other contributions, Aristotle formulated the theory of spontaneous generation, the principle of non-contradiction, the notions of category, substance, act, power and first immobile motor. Some of his ideas, which were novel for the philosophy of his time, today are part of the common sense of many people.
Aristotle was a disciple of Plato and other thinkers, such as Eudoxus of Cnidus, during the twenty years he was in the Academy of Athens.7 He was Alexander the Great's teacher in the Kingdom of Macedonia for almost 5 years.7 In the last stage of his life he founded the Lyceum in Athens, where he taught until a year before his death.7