Hola. Alguien podria explicarme (o darme) en ingles un concepto de Complementary distribution and Free variation, ademas de ejemplos.
Y un concepto de Consonant clusters, con ejemplos tambien.
Muchísimas gracias.
Respuestas a la pregunta
Before entering the subject, we must clarify the terms of phoneme and allophones, the phoneme is an abstract and minimal unit, that is, it has no meaning and cannot be segmented into more units. Example, the phoneme of the letter s, that is, /s/ cannot be segmented into simpler sounds.
However, the allophones are variants of phonemes that form a set of sounds, and that does not change the meaning when used in different phonic contexts. Example, the word "stop" can have the following phonetic transcription [stap] and [stapⁿ], these notations explain that the first one is /p/ without aspiration, that is, the air passage is completely blocked in that position of the word /p/, while the second one, the air flows a little more, producing an aspiration, and therefore a different and perceptible sound is produced in this case. In other words, it is the same letter with different joints. Then, [p] and [pⁿ] are allophones of /p/.
According to the allophones are predictable or not, these can be of complementary distribution or free variation, that is, what determines the type of allophone are factors such as the context where the letter is, that is, vowels or consonants that accompany it, the position and the syntagmatic even. For example, in the case of the word "stop" the allophones [p] and [pⁿ] of the letter /p/ can be considered as free variation since these sound variations occur when the speaker so decides and is not bound by no vowels or close consonants.
On the contrary, the letter /s/ has the allophones [s] and [z], which are heard and are produced differently in two different words or contexts, such as the cases of the words "cats" and "birds", in the first, the /s/ is preceded by the consonant "t" which causes the "s" to be pronounced differently than when preceded by the "d" in the word "birds".
So if the allophones and variants of sounds are predictable and obligatory they will be of complementary distribution, but if the same speaker pronounces the same phoneme in a random and diverse way, due to external, geographical, dialectic, cultural, psychological factors, etc., then the Phoneme is of free variation type.
Due to this, it can be said that allophones of complementary distribution type are usually less ambiguous than those of free variation; the environment determines the reproduction of an exact sound that cannot be confused since it is unique for each case.
Consonant clusters: In linguistic, a consonant cluster in a word is a group of consonants with no vowels between them. The longest possible cluster in English is three consonants at the start and four at the end.
Examples: En the word “splash”, the consonant clusters are “spl” at the start, and “sh” at the end. Other example, the word “twelfths”, the consonant clusters are “tw” at the start, and “fths” at the end.
Ver también: https://brainly.lat/tarea/11604135
