Question

Explain the importance in the Byzantine Empire of each of the figures and groups in the mosaic.

Answer 1

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Answer 2

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The Byzantine Empire or Byzantium was the eastern part of the Roman Empire that survived throughout the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Renaissance. This empire was located in the eastern Mediterranean. Its capital was in Constantinople (Greek: Κωνσταντινούπολις, current Istanbul), whose oldest name was Byzantium, an important city in Greek Thrace founded in 650 BC. C. The Byzantine Empire is also known as the Roman Empire of the East, especially to refer to its first centuries of existence, during late Antiquity, when the Western Roman Empire still existed. Since the Roman Empire had established that the language throughout the territory should be Greek, historians generally agree that the Byzantine Empire was a Greek empire in political alliance with Rome.2 3

Throughout its long history, the Byzantine Empire suffered numerous setbacks and losses of territory, especially during the Roman-Sasanian Wars, Byzantine-Norman Wars, the Bulgarian-Byzantine Wars, and the Arab-Byzantine Wars. Although its influence in North Africa and the Middle East had declined as a result of these conflicts, it remained a major military and economic power in Europe, the Middle East, and the eastern Mediterranean throughout most of the Middle Ages. After a last recovery of its past power during the time of the Comnenus dynasty, in the 12th century, the Empire began a prolonged decline during the Ottoman-Byzantine wars that culminated in the taking of Constantinople and the conquest of the rest of the territories under dominion Byzantine by the Turks, in the XV century.

During its millennium of existence, the Empire was a bastion of Christianity, and prevented the advance of Islam towards Western Europe. It was one of the main commercial centers in the world, establishing a stable gold coin that circulated throughout the Mediterranean area. It had a decisive influence on the laws, political systems and customs of much of Europe and the Middle East, and thanks to it, many of the literary and scientific works of the classical world and other cultures were preserved and transmitted.

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