Question

complete:
-water - virus -dry -sanitizers
-preventing -layers -alcohol -
evaporate -investigate -surface

HOW DOES SOAP INACTIVATE CORONAVIRUSES?
Hi, I'm Julie from the Exploratorium. You've probably heard
that washing your hands with....... and water is the most
effective way of …………….the spread of coronavirus. Now the
question is, why is soap so helpful? And the answer is due to
the biology and the structure of the ……………. itself. Now many
viruses, including coronaviruses are surrounded by a
membrane And this membrane is exactly the same as the one
that surrounds our own cells. The membrane is made of
molecules that have a really special property. They have one
side that I've represented in blue here that likes water, it's a
water-loving end, and then their other half of them dislikes
water; it's a water-hating end. It likes fats a little bit more. Now
these molecules assemble together so that they have actually
two ………… of them. One side lines up so the water's facing on
this end, and the other side lines up so the water's facing on that. And basically, a ribbon of these surrounds the virus. Now
the trick to inactivating this virus is to disrupt the membrane.
Soap molecules have very similar ……………. They have one side
that likes water, and another side that's attracted to fat. That's
why they're really helpful when you're washing your greasy
dishes. If you can get a soap molecule into the virus membrane,
it'll…………. the structure of the membrane and that inactivates
the virus. The other thing that soap is handy for is it can help us
……………. the behavior of membranes. I have a tray of soapy
water here, and a string that I've threaded through two straws.
If you want to try this at home, we have instructions and a
recipe for it on our website. You can see that when I pull up the
straws, that a film forms. This is a soap film. And this membrane
has the same behavior as the membrane around the virus. If I
touch it with my ……………hand, you’ll see that it pops. And in
fact, when the coronavirus is on a ………………, all it needs to do
is eventually dry out, and it will be inactivated. However, if I
now wet my finger, you’ll see that my wet finger does not
disrupt the membrane. You've probably heard that the virus
travels in …………. droplets. It needs these droplets of water to keep its membranes intact. Another thing you've probably
heard is that if you don't have soap and …………. available, hand
……………. that have 60% or more alcohol, are also effective in
inactivating the virus. I have some 70% rubbing ……………. here,
and this time I'm going to pull up my membrane, and I have my
finger covered in the alcohol. And the moment I touch the
membrane, it pops. And so alcohol is another way to inactivate
the virus. Now alcohol tends to ……………., and maybe that
happens before you've gotten it into all the crevices of your
hands, so soap and water is really the best choice. So keep
……………. your hands, and celebrates our hero: the soap
molecule.

Answer 1

1 alcohol

2prevening

3virus