Question

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Answer 1

1.

Alcanos: Formula general R-H

Alquenos: Fórmula general: R-CH=CH-R (CH2=CH2 eteno)

Alquinos: Fórmula general: R-C=-C-R (CH CH etino)

Aromáticos

Aldehídos: El grupo carbonilo es un carbón unido a oxigeno mediante un doble enlace(C=O). La fórmula general R - CHO

Cetonas: R – CO – R´

Alcoholes: grupo OH hidroxilo unido mediante un enlace simple a un carbono. Se representan en formula general como R-OH.

Éteres: fórmula general es R-O-R

Ácidos carboxílicos: R - COOH

Esteres: R-COOR

Amidas: R – CO-NH2

2. calcular moles n = m/Mm

Na: 32.38 g / 23 g/mol = 1.407 mol

S: 22.57 g / 32 g/mol = 0.705 mol

O: 45.05 g/ 16 g/mol = 2.816 mol

Dividir entre el menor de los resultados

Na: 1.407 mol / 0.705 mol = 2

S: 0.705 mol / 0.705 mol = 1

O: 2.816 mol / 0.705 mol = 4

Fórmula empírica (FE) = Na2SO4

Calcular la Mm de la FE

Na: 2 x 23 = 46 g/mol

S: 1 x 32 = 32 g/mol

O: 4 x 16 = 64 g/mol

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Mm = 142 g/mol

3. calcular moles

C: 49.5 g / 12 g/mol = 4.125 mol

H: 5.15 g /1 g/mol = 5.15 mol

N: 28.9 g/ 14 g/mol = 2.064 mol

O: 16.5 g / 16 g/mol = 1.031mol

Dividir

C: 4.125 mol / 1.031 mol = 4

H: 5.15 mol / 1.031 mol = 5

N: 2.064 mol / 1.031 mol = 2

O: 1.031 mol / 1.031 mol = 1

FE: C4H5N2O

Calcular Mm de la FE

C: 4 x 12 = 48 g/mol

H: 5 x 1 = 5 g/mol

N: 2 x 14 g/mol = 28 g/mol

O: 1 x 16 = 16 g/mol

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Mm= 97 g/mol

Calcula n = Mm compuesto/Mm FE

n = 194 g/mol / 97 g/mol

n = 2

Formula molecular: (C4H5N2O)2 = C8H10N4O2

4. Calcular moles

C: 73.969 g/ 12 g/mol = 6.164 mol

H: 8.6287 g / 1 = 8.6287 mol

N: 17.259 g / 14 g/mol = 1.232 mol

Dividir

C: 6.164 mol / 1.232 mol = 5

H: 8.6287 mol / 1.232 mol = 7

N: 1.232 mol / 1.232 mol = 1

FE: C5H7N

Calcular Mm FE

C: 5 x 12 = 60 g/mol

H: 7 x 1 = 7 g/mol

N: 1 x 14 = 14 g/mol

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Mm = 81 g/mol

Calcular n = Mm compuesto /Mm FE

n = 162.23 g/mol / 81 g/mol

n = 2

FM: (C5H7N)2 = C10H14N2